Kupanga Nyumba Yokongola Kwambiri ya Magiya a Crosskart: Kuphunzira Kwambiri za Makina a CNC a 5-Axis a Off-Road Motorsport
Kupanga Zinthu Zapamwamba Kwambiri Nyumba ya Magiya a CrosskartKuphunzira Kwambiri za Makina a CNC a 5-Axis a Off-Road Motorsport
Mu mpikisano wa FIA European Autocross Championship, magalimoto a Crosskarts ndi 2WD autocross amakumana ndi zochitika zoopsa. Chifukwa cha kugundana kwamphamvu, kuphulika kwa miyala kosalekeza, ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yochokera ku injini zothamanga kwambiri zolumikizidwa ndi ma gearbox otsatizana, gawo lililonse liyenera kukhala lolimba ngati lezala: liyenera kukhala lopepuka kwambiri koma losagonjetseka.
Nyumba za aluminiyamu zachikhalidwe zimakhala ndi mavuto akuluakulu chifukwa cha mipikisano yovuta kwambiri ya fumbi, makamaka chifukwa cha ma porosity amkati (matumba a mpweya a microscopic omwe amagwira ntchito ngati malo osungira nkhawa) komanso kusokonekera kwa kapangidwe kake pansi pa katundu. Galimoto ikagunda kwambiri, mphamvu zazikulu zomwe zimachitika nthawi yomweyo zimatha kupangitsa kuti nyumbayo isunthe pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo olumikizirana amkati a shaft awonongeke mwachangu kapena kudula mano. Kuti tithetse mavutowa, timagwiritsa ntchito ma billet block olimba a Aluminium 7075-T6 billet pamodzi ndi makina apamwamba a CNC a 5-axis, kukonza bwino kwaukadaulo, komanso kuwongolera bwino khalidwe.
Tisanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito njira zogwiritsira ntchito zida pa chipangizo chilichonse, gulu lathu la mainjiniya limachita kafukufuku wokwanira kuti lithetse kusiyana pakati pa malingaliro a CAD ndi zenizeni zopangidwira kupanga zinthu m'sitolo.
- Kujambula Mapu a Tensor ya Kupsinjika Maganizo: Pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yapamwamba ya CAE, timayesa kugawa kwa mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya torque yokwera kwambiri kufika pa 400 Nm panthawi yosintha magiya mwamphamvu komanso kupotoza kwamphamvu kwa chassis.
- Kuchotsa Zinthu: Ma algorithms okonza zinthu za topology amasankha kuchotsa zinthu kuchokera kumadera otsika kwambiri (kuchepetsa makulidwe akunja a khoma losakhala la kapangidwe kake kuchokera pa 6 mm mpaka 3.5 mm pomwe akukulitsa nthiti zozungulira ma bearing bores akuluakulu ndi ma chassis mounting tabu. Izi zimathandizira kuchepetsa kulemera kwa thupi ndi 22% popanda kuchepetsa chitetezo cha kapangidwe kake.
- Kuchotsa Mipata Yaikulu: Ma model opangidwa mwachizolowezi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ngodya zakuthwa zamkati kapena malire olimba a R1mm mkati mwa matumba akuya. Pansi pa kugwedezeka kosalekeza kwa ma frequency apamwamba, malo olumikizirana awa akuthwa amagwira ntchito ngati zokweza kupsinjika komwe ming'alu yaying'ono ya kapangidwe kake imafalikira.
- Kukonza Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito Zida: Timakonza malire onse amkati mwa thumba kukhala ochepera R3 mm. Kusinthaku kwa geometrical kumachotsa kwathunthu kupsinjika, kumaletsa phokoso la zida panthawi yopera, ndikutsimikizira kuti pamwamba pa Ra 0.4um pali malo oyera kwambiri pomwe tikugwirizana bwino ndi makina oyeretsera a carbide omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popera mphuno.
- Ma gearbox a Crosskart otsatizana nthawi zambiri amawonongeka m'mbali mwa msewu komanso kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha magiya. Kugunda ulusi mwachindunji mu aluminiyamu yofewa nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa ulusi mwachangu kapena kuchotsedwa ndi mfuti zamphamvu kwambiri.
- Yankho: Mabowo onse opatukana ndi mabowo oikira mafuta amapangidwa kuti alandire ulusi wolemera wachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (Ma Helikoli), kuonetsetsa kuti zomangira zachitsulo ndi zitsulo zimakhala zolimba m'njira zambiri zomangiranso.
Nyumba yosungiramo magiya otsatizana imadziwika ndi njira zovuta zamkati mwa mafuta, matumba olemera ochepetsa kulemera, ndi mabowo ofunikira omwe amafunika kulinganizidwa bwino. Makonzedwe achikhalidwe a 3-axis kapena 4-axis amafunika ntchito zingapo komanso kuwerengera magawo ovuta.
Ubwino wa Machining Wogwirizana wa 5-Axis
- Kukonza Koyenera Kamodzi: Mwa kuzungulira ndi kupotoza chogwirira ntchito nthawi imodzi motsatira ma axes a A ndi B pamene tikugwiritsa ntchito zida mu X, Y, ndi Z, malo athu opangira machining a 5-axis amafika mbali zisanu za nyumbayo mu dongosolo limodzi logwirira ntchito. Izi zimachotsa zolakwika zoyika zinthu m'mabokosi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chibowo chachikulu, chibowo cha countershaft, ndi geometry ya shift drum zimakhalabe zozungulira bwino mkati mwa 0.01 mm.
- Kulimba kwa Chida Chokonzedwa: Kudula kwa axis 5 kumalola kuti spindle ya makina ipendeke poyerekeza ndi gawolo. Izi zimathandiza akatswiri athu a makina kugwiritsa ntchito makina afupiafupi komanso olimba kwambiri kuti achotse mabowo akuya amkati a 120 mm. Zida zazifupi zimachepetsa kupotoka ndi phokoso, zomwe zimatilola kukhalabe ndi kuwongolera koyenera komanso kulondola kwa pamwamba pa bowo.
Kupanga mkati mwa malo athu olondola a 2,568m² kumatsatira ndondomeko yokhwima komanso yotsatirika ya masitepe asanu ndi limodzi kuti zitsimikizire kuti magulu othamanga padziko lonse lapansi azigwirizana:
[Gawo 6: Kuyika Mafuta Olimba] ── [Gawo 5: 100% CMM Metrology] ── [Gawo 4: 5-Axis Precision Boring]
Kukonza kumayamba ndi bolodi yolimba ya Aluminium 7075-T6. Timagwiritsa ntchito Kuyeza kwa Ma Emission Spectrometry kutsimikizira kapangidwe ka mankhwala (Zn 5.1%-6.1%, Mg 2.1%-2.9%) ikugwirizana ndi miyezo ya ndege.
Kuchotsa mwachangu katundu wolemera pogwiritsa ntchito zida za trochoidal carbide za 20mm. Timasiya Chothandizira pakupanga 5 mm kuganizira za kusokonekera kwa zinthu panthawi yotulutsa nkhawa.
Chipinda chopangidwa ndi makina ochepa chimaphikidwa mu uvuni woyendetsedwa ndi kompyuta kuti chikonze kapangidwe kake ka tirigu ndikutsimikizira kukhazikika kwathunthu musanadule komaliza.
Mipiringidzo yoboola bwino imatsekeredwa mu ma tolerances omaliza a diameter (+0.005mm mpaka +0.015mm). Kujambula mwachangu kwambiri kumachotsa zipsepse zoziziritsa komanso mfundo zoyendetsera mpweya.
Kuyang'anira nyengo pogwiritsa ntchito Makina Oyezera Ogwirizana (CMM) ndi ma probe okhala ndi nsonga ya ruby kuti agwirizane ndi ma chart coordinates motsutsana ndi master 3D CAD model.
Njira zamagetsi zopangira gawo lofanana ndi ceramic la 50um (Al2O3). Zimakweza kuuma kwa pamwamba pa chinthucho. 450 HP kuti asamavutike kwambiri ndi kuvala.
| Gawo Labwino | Ndondomeko Yaikulu ndi Ziyerekezo | Zipangizo Zoyendera Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito | Zofunikira Zopambana Pachilolezo |
| IQC (Yobwera) | Kutsimikizika kwa Kalasi ya Zinthu Zopangira | Optical Emission Spectrometer / Brinell Hardness Tester | Chitsimikizo cha siginecha ya 7075-T6; Kulimba 150 HB |
| IPQC (Yomwe Ikuchitika) | Kutsata Zida Zogwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kusunga Datum | Ma Probe a Infrared a Renishaw Mu Makina | Chida chobwezera ndalama nthawi yeniyeni; onani kusintha kwa zomwe zikuchitika mkati mwa malo olekerera |
| FQC (Kufufuza Komaliza) | Kutsimikizira kwa Geometric Metrology & Surface Finish | Makina Oyezera a 3D Coordinate (CMM) / Profilometer | Kulinganiza kwa chibowo cha bere 0.01mm; Kumaliza kwa pamwamba pa chitseko Ra 0.4um |
Mwa kulumikizana mwamphamvu makina a CNC amakono a 5-axis, kukonza bwino kapangidwe ka topology, ndi njira zoyesera bwino, CREATINGTEC imapereka maziko enieni opangira zinthu zofunika kuti ma gearbox amasewera apamsewu agwire ntchito bwino ngakhale pamavuto ampikisano kwambiri.